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In legend and in the early historiography of Switzerland there is an account of a migration of a population of Swedes and Frisians settling in the Swiss Alps, specifically in Schwyz and in Hasli (''Schwedensage''). ==Medieval legend== The first recorded reference to this legend is in Ericus Olai's ''Chronica regni Gothorum '' (c. 1470). Olai notes that the Swiss (''Svitenses'') claimed to be descended from "Swedes or Goths". Olai also notes the similarity in toponymy, ''Swycia, quasi Suecia''. This is reflected in a contemporary gloss from Reichenau reading ''Suecia, alias Helvicia, inde Helvici, id est Suetones.''〔 The gloss dates to the late 15th century, and there has been some debate on the possibility of its being influenced by Olai. See Marschall (1976), p. 65: "Die sog. Reichenauer Glosse (''Suecia alias Helvetia, inde Helvici, id est Suetones''), die als Beleg für den Anfang des 15 . Jh. von Ernst Ludwig Rochholz, Tell und Gessler, Heilbronn 1877, S. 69, und Vetter, Sage, S.6, angeführt wurde, entstammt einer Papierhandschrift von Ende des 15. Jahrhundert; vgl. schon Franz Joseph Mone, Anzeiger für Kunde der teutschen Vorzeit 3 (1834), 346. QW III 2/2 S. 17 Anm. 35"〕 A near-contemporary record is that of Petermann Etterlin, who wrote in the 1470s (printed as ''Chronicle of the Swiss Confederation'' in 1507). Etterlin telling the legend refers to "the Swedes, who are now called the Switzer" (''die Schwediger, so man yetz nempt Switzer'') presents an eponymous founder, one ''Suit'' (''Swit, Schwyt, Switer''), leader of the migrating Swedes, who defeated his brother ''Scheyg'' in single combat in a dispute over leadership of the new settlement. He gives an account of their decision to settle on the site of Schwyz:〔Vetter (1877),(p. 10f ).〕 Etterlin's account is supposedly based on a "common Swiss chronicle" (''Gesta Suitensium'', ''gemeine Schwyzerchronik'' also reflected in the White Book of Sarnen, Heinrich von Gundelfingen (''Das Herkommen der Schwyzer und Oberhasler''〔''Das Herkommen der Schwyzer und Oberhasle'' is now generally attributed to Heinrich von Gundelfingen, whereas older authors attributed it to Elogius Kiburger.〕) and later by Aegidius Tschudi (''Die Geschichte der Ostfriesen, Swedier und andre, so mit jnen gereisset, vnd wie Switer dem Lande den Namen Swiz gegeben''). Etterlin presents the three ''Waldstätten'' as representing three different stocks or races, the people of Schwyz as the most recent immigrants (from Sweden), the people of Uri representing the original "Goths and Huns", and the people of Unterwalden representing "the Romans".〔Vetter (1877),(p. 10 ). Martin Zeiller in 1642 reports Unterwalden as divided in two separate Talschaften the inhabitants of which were derived from separate races, those of Obwalden from the "Romans", those in Nidwalden from the "Cimbri" (viz. Germans). 〕 Henrich von Gundelfingen gives an elaborate version of the legend, stating the emigration from Sweden and Frisia was due to a famine, which was met by king "Cisbertus of Sweden" by a decree that every month, the lot should be drawn and one in ten men would be forced to emigrate with all his family and possessions. Heinrich is the origin of the figures of 6,000 Swedes and 1,200 Frisians taking part in the migration with a certain ''Suicerus'' as their leader. The legend is also mentioned by Albrecht von Bonstetten, a monk in Einsiedeln abbey, in 1479 (''Superius Germanie Confederationis descriptio''). In this version, the toponym ''Schwyz'' derives from a Swedish founder named ''Switerus''.〔'A Svedia igitur Svitenses vocati vel eo, quod ex ductoribus eorum unis appelatus fuit Switerus, qui fratrem suum (ut asserunt) naturalem in duello pro nomine ipso interfecit'. Viktor Wiebel, ('Suittes - Schwyz - Schweiz. Geschichte und Deutung des Namens Schwyz' ), in ''Mitteilungen des historischen Vereins des Kantons Schwyz'' 65 (1972), pp. 1-10〕 Sigismund Meisterlin (d. 1488) in his ''Chronicon Norimbergense'' claims the people of Schwyz as descendants of the Huns, with a leader called ''Swifter'' ruling the valley, while his brother ''Senner'' ruled the high pastures.〔Weibel (1972), p. 5.〕 Records from the early 16th century confirm that the tradition was in fact part of local folklore (and not the result of learned etymological speculation); in an ''Urner Tellenspiel'' performed between 1511 and 1525, the identification of Gothic and Hunnic ancestry of Uri, Roman ancestry of Unterwalden and Swedish ancestry of Schwyz,〔''Woher die von Schwytz entsprungen? Aus Schweden seind dieselben kommen.'' Vetter (1877), p. 12〕 and for the Landsgemeinde of Schwyz in 1531 we have the record of a performance of an ''Andacht der Altvorderen'' (remembrance of the forefathers) in memory of the ''Austreibung aus Schweden'' (eviction from Sweden) in times of famine.〔Vetter (1877), p. 12.〕 The saga is also reflected in early-16th-century Frisian chronicles such as the ''Tractatus Alvinus'', Jancko Douwama's ''Boeck der Partijen'' and subsequent writings, as well as in the biography of the condottierri Wilwolt von Schaumberg from Thuringia, who led the conquest of Frisia by Albert of Saxony in 1498.〔A. Campbell, ''Thet Freske Riim. Tractatus Alvini'', The Hague 1952. (''Jancko Douwama's geschriften: Boeck der partijen'' ), Leeuwarden 1849, p. 52. Ludwig von Eyb, (''Die Geschichten und Taten Wilwolts von Schaumburg'' ), ed. A. von Keller, Stuttgart 1859, p. 167 〕 According to the latter, 'the Frisians, when they write to each other, even nowadays, call the Swiss "son" and the Swiss call the Frisians "cousin".' The first critical evaluation of the story is that of Tschudi in 1570, who is unsure if he should reject the account of Kiburger wholesale, or if the tradition might have a historical source in the Cimbri of 114 BC (unlike his 19th-century successors, Tschudi does not consider the possibility of a Viking Age migration). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Swiss Swedish origin legend」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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